First watch this video to find out how you refer to sources.
Citing
Whenever you use a source when writing (if it’s not common knowledge) you should refer to the source. When you do this in a text it is called citing.
One way is to give a direct quote: 
Example: According to Brian Palmer (2013) ”to be human is to suffer for others”.
Another way is to re-arrange a statement in your own words (also called paraphrasing)
Example:
In the article ”Why Obesity Abhor” (2007), Susan MacMillan says that obesity is a growing problem in the UK.
Other words that could be use instead of ”says” are: writes/suggests/demonstrates/shows/observes/claims/finds/reports/ discusses/explains/defines/attempts …
In each case you should at least give the name of the person that you are citing and the year. Only give more information if it’s needed, e.g. if the name of the article is important for the reader to understand your arguments.
NB. If you quote someone in an article who is not the writer of the article your reference should be the author of the article.
Example: According to Martin Gill criminal activity actually increased with more surveillance (Byrne, 2007).
More examples:
Many people have expressed concern over ”undemocratic abuses of personal information” (Byrne, 2007)
In an article from the Guardian from 2017 it is stated that London has reduced its crime rate by 15 % (Smith).
Richard Thomas claims that the country is ”committing a slow social suicide” with the increasing numbers of CCTV cameras. (Byrne, 2007)
Remember that the topic should always be your focus. Therefore it’s often a bad idea to start a paragraph where you are referencing to someone. Do that when you have presented the topic. See example below:
Good example
In history, there has always been times when people want to distance themselves, often using books, from their current situation. The digital era has offered a new outlet for escapism. In the Ted-Talk Connected, but alone? (2012), psychologist Sherry Turkle emphasizes the danger of mistaking alone time as worthless, leading us to reach for our phones to escape loneliness.
Bad example
Sherry Turkle says in the Ted Talk “Some of the things we do now on our devices are things that that only a few years ago we would have found odd”. And that is a perfect example for how social networking is working.
List of References
At the end of your paper you should list your sources that you have cited in your paper. The information that you give depends on the source.
If for example you refer to an article online you should give the following information: Author(s) of article. (Publication year in brackets) Title of article. Title of journal/paper – italicised or underlined. Write the exact address (not only “www.wikipedia.se). Include when you accessed the website. .
Example of online newspaper article
Buckley, Cara (2007), Man Is Rescued by Stranger on Subway Tracks, The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/03/nyregion/03life.html?_r=1& Accessed: 13 April 2015
Example of paper newspaper article
MacMillan, Susan. (2013) Why Obesity Abhor ,The Independent, 28 Jan.
Example of Youtube video
Palmer, Brian (2013), TEDxGöteborg Courage can be almost as contagious as fear: [Online] Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NsufsHw4L1o Accessed: 13 April 2015
BBC NEWS. (2008) Factory gloom worst since 1980. [Online] Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7681569.st Accessed: 24 March 2015
McClood, Kevin, (2010), “The Social network Explosion”, Penguin
Here is a link how to refer to sources in Swedish (this is shared with other teachers at Kävlinge Lärcentrum).
https://smedjeback.wordpress.com/hur-refererar-man-i-en-text/
Watch this clip for instructions on how to refer to sources.
For more information, go to: http://www.librarydevelopment.group.shef.ac.uk/referencing/harvard_iframe.html
https://www.staffs.ac.uk/assets/harvard_quick_guide_tcm44-47797.pdf
Mr Smedjeback's English Class 